Contesting Welfare State: Health Care System in Australia

Ahmat Mustofa

Abstract

Kebijakan kesehatan adalah salah satu sumber penyebab pasang surut politik dan pergantian kekuasaan di Australia semenjak pemilu pada tahun 1940-an. Hal ini terjadi karena adanya perbedaan dan konflik ideologi dari berbagai kelompok kepentingan dan stakeholders di sektor kesehatan yang saling memperjuangkan kepentingan mereka di berbagai lini. Nuansa perang kepentingan itu terlihat jelas dari ketidakstabilan kebijakan kesehatan akibat perubahan dan pergantian kebijakan yang biasanya didahului oleh pergantian kekuasaan. Bila partai yang berkuasa adalah partai liberal yang propasar, maka kebijakan kesehatan diarahkan pada minimalisasi peran negara dalam layanan kesehatan dan mendukung peran yang lebih besar bagi sektor swasta dan individu. Sedangkan bila partai sosial demokratik yang prorakyat berkuasa, mereka berjuang sekuat tenaga untuk mendorong peran negara yang lebih besar dalam mewujudkan negara kesejahteraan khususnya dalam menjamin layanan kesehatan. Meskipun kebijakan kesehatan mengalami pasang surut seiring pergantian kekuasaan dan resesi ekonomi yang menyebabkan biaya kebijakan sosial makin mahal, Australia sampai saat ini mampu menjamin akses layanan kesehatan gratis untuk semua warganya (universal coverage) dengan tidak mengurangi mutu dan kualitas layanan kepada semua warganya. Bahkan Australia saat ini termasuk salah satu negara dengan kualitas layanan kesehatan terbaik di dunia.

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