Non-Traditional Security Issues and the Stability of Southeast Asia

Zarina Othman, Nur Ruhana Nasuha Abdullah Jian, Abdul Halim Mahamud

Abstract

Perubahan paradigma politik internasional berargumen bahwa diskursus keamanan non-tradisional (non-traditional security-NTS) adalah ancaman bagi keamanan. Pergeseran ini telah menarik minat para sarjana maupun pengambil kebijakan, seiring meningkatnya gejolak maupun dampak penting diskursus NTS terhadap keamanan pada tingkat domestik, regional, dan global. Diskursus NTS menyangkut perubahan iklim, bencana alam, migrasi, dan persoalan lintas batas yang melibatkan aktor non-negara dan berdampak pada negara dan masyarakat. Tulisan ini mengelaborasi tiga persoalan diskursus NTS, yaitu terorisme, peredaran obat terlarang, dan penyelundupan senjata ringan yang mengganggu stabilitas Asia Tenggara. Tulisan ini berargumentasi bahwa dari segi topografi, wilayah geografis yang bersifat terbuka, dan posisinya yang strategis menjadikan wilayah ini rentan terhadap ancaman. Konflik pada tingkat domestik yang terjadi di Kamboja, Vietnam, Filipina (Mindanao), Indonesia (Aceh) dan Thailand (Pattani) telah memberi ruang gerak bagi tindak kejahatan lintas batas ini. Tulisan ini terbagi menjadi empat bagian; pertama, tulisan ini mengungkap latar belakang konsep kemanan non-tradisional. Bagian selanjutnya berfokus pada bagaimana terorisme, peredaran obat terlarang dan penyelundupan senjata api ringan memengaruhi stabilitas Asia Tenggara secara keseluruhan. Berdasarkan data primer seperti dokumen resmi, laporan media terkait diskursus ini, tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa wilayah ini akan menjadi tempat berlangsungnya aktivitas keamanan non-tradisional jika hal ini terus dibiarkan. Harapannya, diskusi tulisan ini akan memerkaya diskursus dalam kajian hubungan internasional dan kajian kemanan regional, khususnya mengenai diskursus keamanan non-tradisional dan bisa menjadi referensi bagi para sarjana, mahasiswa hubungan internasional dan para pengambil keputusan.
Kata kunci: keamanan non-tradisional, peredaran obat terlarang, penyelundupan senjata ringan, Asia Tenggara, terorisme

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14203/jkw.v4i2.265
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