ANALISIS WACANA DIASPORA INDONESIA: TINJAUAN KONSEPTUAL DALAM HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
Abstract
Diaspora is commonly used term. Its discursive nature makes diaspora means everything, adjusted to whoever articulates it. The idea of Indonesian diaspora has been spread since 2012. Diaspora is articulated by non-state actors, the expatriate group. This group change the perception of the state against expatriates from traitors to state assets. State and non-state actors aim to maximize capital through skills, remittance and investment. This is confirmed in The Presidential Decree No. 76 Year 2017 on Facilities for Indonesian Society Abroad. We argue that the Indonesian diaspora is a discourse articulated by interest groups and supported by the state to maximize capital. Whereas diaspora is a continuously created, transformed and maintained metaphor to redefine identity of a nation. This article analyzes power relations within Indonesian diaspora discourse and also review the concept of national identity in IR which commonly use state-centric perspective that seen state as unitary and sovereign entity.
Keywords: constructivism, discourse analysis, diaspora Indonesia, nation-state, national identity
Abstrak
Diaspora merupakan istilah yang umum digunakan. Sifatnya yang diskursif membuat diaspora dapat bermakna apa saja disesuaikan dengan siapa yang mengartikulasikan. Gagasan diaspora Indonesia marak diperbincangkan sejak 2012. Diaspora diartikulasikan oleh aktor non negara yang umumnya adalah ekspatriat. Kelompok ini mengubah persepsi negara terhadap ekspatriat yang awalnya pengkhianat menjadi aset negara. Aktor negara dan non negara memiliki motif memaksimalkan kapital melalui keahlian, remitansi dan investasi. Hal ini dikukuhkan dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 76 Tahun 2017 tentang Fasilitas Masyarakat Indonesia di Luar Negeri. Peneliti berargumen bahwa diaspora Indonesia merupakan wacana yang diartikulasikan oleh kelompok kepentingan dan didukung negara untuk meraup kapital. Padahal diaspora adalah metafora yang secara kontinu diciptakan, ditransformasikan dan dipertahankan untuk mendefinisikan kembali identitas suatu bangsa. Tulisan ini menganalisis relasi power dalam wacana diaspora Indonesia, serta meninjau konsep identitas nasional dalam HI yang umumnya berbasis negara sebagai aktor tunggal dan berdaulat.
Kata kunci: analisis wacana, diaspora Indonesia, identitas nasional, konstruktivisme, negara-bangsa
Keywords
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