Peran NGOs (Non-Govermental Oganizations) Lingkungan dalam Mitigasi Banjir di Praha, Republik Ceko
Abstract
Successful flood mitigation performed by the Czech Republic becomes an interesting issue for the author because it is relevant to current condition. Flood, in the authors observation, became a problem that seems unresolved until now. Often occur every time the rainy season and is considered a natural thing despite widespread impact. However, some literatures on flood mitigation in Prague some time ago showed interesting fact. People of Czech chose to friendly with the flood. By learning from them, the flood control by recognizing the causes and mobilize all society elements that exist to mitigate them to restrain broader impacts.
This article aims to map the floods mitigation that been done by elements in society. Focusing on environmental NGOs, this article describes that cooperation between these elements do not always harmonize, there is different opinion even diverse activities. Background of values, ideologies and different interests led to various responses, roles and strategies. Using data from previous year of research and other secondary data, this article not only explores the phenomena of flooding in the city of Prague in particular, but also analyzes responses, roles and strategies undertaken by some environmental NGOs in actor-based approach perspective.
Key words: floods mitigation, NGO, society, actor-based approach, The Czech Republic.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Atkinson, Jeffrey dan Martin Scurrah. 2009. Globalizing Social Justice: The Role of Non-Government Organizations in Bringing about Social Change. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Biba, M., J. Jirik, dan K. Vancura. 2004. “Forestry, mountain catchments and floods in the Czech Republic”. Journal of Forest Science (11): 538-541. Prague.
Blowers, Andrew dan Pieter Glasbergen. 2003. Environmental Policy in an International Context: Prospects for Environmental Change. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd.
Carmin, JoAnn. 2010. NGO Capacity and Environmental Governance in Central and Eastern Europe. Acta Politica (45): 183–202. Cambridge: Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
Dalton, Russell J., and Robert Rohrschneider. 2003. “The Environmental Movement and The Modes of Political Action”. Comparative Political Studies (XX) X. USA: Sage Publications.
Davis, Steven M. 2004. “Building a Movement from Scratch: Environmental Groups in the Czech Republic”. The Social Science Journal (41): 375-392. online at www.sciencedirect.com.
European Union. 2009. Protection Against Floods: Concept of Anti-Flood Measures in Central Bohemian Region. European Regional Development Fund.
Fagan, Adam. 2004. Environment and Democracy in the Czech Republic: the Environmental Movement in the Transition Process. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Fatah, Eep Saefullah. 2007. “Bersahabat dengan Banjir”. Kompas tanggal 6 Februari. Halaman 8 kolom 1-4.
Guentzel, Meiling. 2002. Record-Breaking Floods in Europe. http://cool.conservation-us.org/byorg/abbey/an/an26/an26-2/an26-202.html. Diakses tanggal 20 Oktober 2011.
Heinrich, Volkhart Finn dan Lorenzo Fioramonti. 2007. How Civil Society Influences Policy: A Comparative Analysis of the CIVICUS Civil Society Index in Post-Communist Europe. CIVICUS – World Alliance for Citizen Participation. Research Report commissioned by: Research and Policy in Development (RAPID) dan Overseas Development Institute (ODI).
Heins, Volker. 2008. Non-governmental Organizations in International Society: Struggles Over Recognition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hlavacek, Jiri. 2006. Profile of the Czech Republic. Inventory of Environment and Security Policies and Practices.
International Flood Network. 2005. Flood Devastation Increasing. Tokyo. http://www.internationalfloodnetwork.org.
Mosse, David. 2005. Cultivating Development: an Ethnography of Aid Policy and Practice. London: Pluto Press.
NeWater. 2005. Transboundary River Basin Management Regimes: The Elbe Basin Case Study. Report of the NeWater project -New Approaches to Adaptive Water Management under Uncertainty. Delft: Delft University of Technology.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2005. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: The Czech republic. Paris.
Princen, Thomas dan Matthias Finger. 1994. Environmental NGOs in World Politics: Linking the local and the global. New York: Routledge.
Shriver, Thomas E. dan Chris Messer. 2009. “Ideological Cleavages and Schism in the Czech Environmental Movement”. Human Ecology Review, 16 (2): 161-171.
Trebicky, Viktor. 2002. Country Report: Czech Republic from an NGO Perspective, Presentation on Regional Workshop on Capacity-Building in Governance and Public Administration for Sustainable Development Thessaloniki, 29-31 July 2002. Prague: Institute for Environmental Policy.
Turnock, David, 2001, “Environmental Problems and Policies in East Central Europe: A Changing Agenda”, GeoJournal 54: 485–505, Kluwer Academic Publishers, the Netherlands, http://www.springerlink.com/content/u145117053u52757/fulltext.pdf.
U. S. National Science Foundation and the Czech Ministry for Education, Youth and Sport. 2005. Environmental Policy and Planning in the Czech Republic: Learning from the 2002 Floods. Presentation at the Center for Slavic, Eurasian, and the East European
World Health Organization. 2002. Floods: Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies for Human Health. Report on WHO Regional Officer for Europe Meeting. London.
World Meteorological Organization. 2007. Conducting Flood Loss Assessments: A Tool for Integrated Flood Management. Associated Programme on Flood Management.
Year 2002 Flood Disaster Investigation Team to Europe. 2003. Year 2002 Flood Disaster Investigation in Europe. Summary Report.
Zielinski, B. Ozga. 2005. Potential Extreme Flood. Report of the Rapporteur on Extreme Potential Floods. Tenth Session of the RA VI Working Group on Hydrology at Pruhonice, Czech Republic, 4 to 7 May.
The International Federation’s Disaster Relief Emergency Fund. 2009. Czech Republic: Flood. DREF Operation Update.
-----------. 2002. Photos of the 2002 flood in Europe Vltava River in the Czech Republic (a tributary of the Elbe). Photographed on September 2002.
Risk Management Solutions. 2003. Central Europe Flooding, August 2002. Event Report.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
